The chapter begins with God giving Moses an outline of His plan.
Remember this all started when Moses was 80 years old and Aaron was 83.
Moses and Aaron appeared before Pharaoh and Pharaoh requested them to "prove" themselves. They do as God had told them and Aaron casts down his rod and it turned into a snake. Pharaoh did not seem to be impressed. He called for his "wise men" or magicians, Jannes and Jambres (II Tim. 3:8) and they did the same thing by their secret arts, but to prove God's power, Aaron's serpent ate their serpents. But still Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he would not let the people go.
This brings us to the first of the 10 plagues. The next morning God commanded Moses to go out to the bank of the River Nile to where Pharaoh would be. He was to strike the water of the Nile with his rod and it would turn to blood. It would cause the river to become polluted, the fish would die, and the water would become unusable and unfit for drinking or bathing. This they did, but Pharaoh again called his magicians and they appeared to turn water into blood also, and Pharaoh would not let the people of Israel go. He returned to his house for his heart was hardened.
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