The Parable of the Self-Righteous

["Click here for Luke's account"]

This teaching was designed to bring repentance to the self-righteous, those who trusted in themselves and in their observance of rites and rituals. Notice that they were not only self-righteous but they despised others that they thought were not as good as they. Notice their problem:

  1. They were pleased with themselves and had a high opinion of their own righteousness. They were so satisfied with their performance of religion that they thought God was indebted to them.
  2. They were so conceited that they thought all others were inferior to them.

In these verses, Jesus gives us a comparison of a self-righteous man and a humble man. In the parable the self-righteous man is symbolized by the Pharisee and the humble by the publican. Publicans were Jewish collectors of taxes and tolls. They were not the official collectors of Roman taxes, they were scavengers whom Rome allowed to extract from the people, money, any way they could, in return they gave Rome a portion of what they collected. Some set up tollbooths along the highway, others dreamed up taxes to charge the unknowing stranger passing thru the land. They were despised by Jew and Gentile alike.

Here a Pharisee and a publican went up into the Temple to pray. It was not the hour for prayer, but they went anyway for personal devotions. The Temple represented not only the place to pray but also the presence of God. The Pharisee went to the Temple to pray because it was a public place and therefore, he would have many eyes upon him. They would applaud his devotion to prayer. Jesus said of the Pharisees that all that they did, they did for the phrase of men.

The publican went to the Temple to pray because it was the "house of prayer" for all people. He had business with the Lord, he had requests to make. He was not concerned with what people thought of him, one way or another.

Notice how the Pharisee prayed. He stood by himself so as not to be lost in the crowd but rather so he might be seen of men, seeking his own glory and not to glory God. There, probably in a loud voice, he extolled his righteousness. He was free from scandalous sins, He did not extort money from anyone, he did not lend money at exorbitant rate, was not oppressive to his debtors or tenants, He was not unjust in any of his dealings. He had wronged no man. He was not an adulterer. He fasted twice every week. He gave tithes of all that he had. Certainly, all of this was very commendable. Poor, indeed, are those who come short of the righteousness of the Pharisee. Yet, in the eyes of God, he was not accepted. Why?

  1. He believed that he had done all of this in his own strength. He did not as Paul did, and proclaim that it was by the grace of God that he was able to do as he did.
  2. His prayer was a time of boasting, a time to tell God how good he was, a time to ask the Lord as the hypocrites did in Isa. 58:3, "Are you seeing all that I am doing Lord?"
  3. He left no doubt that he trusted in his own righteousness. He not only pleaded it but also bragged about it.
  4. He spent the whole time telling the Lord how good he was and neglected to thank the Lord for his mercy and gave no indication that he was in need of God's Grace.
  5. He had a much to good opinion of himself. "I thank you Lord that I am not as other men are." Surly we do need to thank God for this for many times, but for the Grace of God, we would be as other men, lost, starving, without hope and friendless, but he only thought of what he conceived to be his own righteousness.
  6. He condemned the publican because of his occupation, which he assumed meant that he was extorting money unjustly from people, and because he probably was a Gentile whom he had left outside in the Court of the Gentiles, therefore certainly not of the quality of the Jews, surly this publican was presuming on God's goodness to even come into the Temple let alone presume that God would hear his prayer.

Notice how the publican prayed. He was full of humility, repentance for sin, and desire to know God. His humility and repentance was notable by his dress and position that he assumed to pray, "He stood afar off." Away from the crowd, away from any pretence of being worthy to draw near to God. Notice:

  1. "He would not so much as to life up his eyes to heaven." To have done that would have would have appeared that he had claimed for himself some worthiness to be there which he did not claim to have. He could not life up his eyes in holy confidence and courage.
  2. "He smote upon his breast." Out of the wicked heart comes the streams of sin. The wicked heart is the first to rebuke the sinner.
  3. His prayer was short. Fear and shame hindered him from saying much, but what he, though, was to the point. "God, be merciful to me, a sinner." It is a blessing for us that we have the answer to this prayer on record. We are sure that he who prayed it, went to his house justified and so shall we if we pray it. Note:
    1. He acknowledges himself to be a sinner and guilty before God.
    2. He had nothing else to depend on but God's mercy. The Pharisee depended upon his works, but the publican knew he was guilty before God and nothing could save him but God's mercy.
    3. He repents and begs God's forgiveness. He asks to be reconciled. He came as a beggar, asking for alms, confessing his sins and asking for mercy.

Notice how God responded to the publican:

  1. Jesus assures us that the publican went to his house justified. The proud Pharisee went away rejected, but the publican found what he sought, God's mercy.
  2. The publican, upon his humble admission of sin, obtained God's forgiveness. The one whom the Pharisee thought unworthy, became one of the Children of God. God's Grace will resist the proud and welcome the humble.
  3. He that exalts himself shall be humbled and he that humbles himself shall be exalted. We do not doubt that the publican had been a great sinner but out of that greatness of sin came the greatness of repentance. The Pharisee, on the other hand, was not a great sinner but the Devil made him proud of this, to his ruin.


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